> **PROTOTYPE:** a suggestion, not an official CIAAW or IUPAC page. Official values are at [ciaaw.org](https://ciaaw.org).

# germanium

| Property | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Symbol | Ge |
| Atomic number | 32 |
| IRI | `https://hendrikborgelt.github.io/Draft_for_IUPAC_CIAAW-Isotopic-Abundances-and-Atomic-Weights/elements/Germanium` |
| Wikidata | [Q867](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867) |

## Standard atomic weight

| Value | Year | Source | Status | Declaration |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 72.630(8) | 2011 | [10.1351/PAC-REP-13-03-02](https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REP-13-03-02) | Current | [`AW-Ge-standard`](../id/AW-Ge-standard.md) |
| 72.63(1) | 2009 | [10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14](https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14) | Deprecated, see [`AW-Ge-standard`](../id/AW-Ge-standard.md) | [`AW-Ge-standard-2009`](../id/AW-Ge-standard-2009.md) |
| 72.64(1) | 1999 | [10.1351/pac200173040667](https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200173040667) | Deprecated, see [`AW-Ge-standard-2009`](../id/AW-Ge-standard-2009.md) | [`AW-Ge-standard-1999`](../id/AW-Ge-standard-1999.md) |
| 72.61(2) | 1985 | [10.1351/pac198658121677](https://doi.org/10.1351/pac198658121677) | Deprecated, see [`AW-Ge-standard-1999`](../id/AW-Ge-standard-1999.md) | [`AW-Ge-standard-1985`](../id/AW-Ge-standard-1985.md) |
| 72.59(3) | 1969 | [10.1351/pac197021010091](https://doi.org/10.1351/pac197021010091) | Deprecated, see [`AW-Ge-standard-1985`](../id/AW-Ge-standard-1985.md) | [`AW-Ge-standard-1969`](../id/AW-Ge-standard-1969.md) |
| 72.59 | 1961 | [10.1021/ja00881a001](https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00881a001) | Deprecated, see [`AW-Ge-standard-1969`](../id/AW-Ge-standard-1969.md) | [`AW-Ge-standard-1961`](../id/AW-Ge-standard-1961.md) |
| 72.60 | 1925 | [10.1039/CT9252700913](https://doi.org/10.1039/CT9252700913) | Deprecated, see [`AW-Ge-standard-1961`](../id/AW-Ge-standard-1961.md) | [`AW-Ge-standard-1925`](../id/AW-Ge-standard-1925.md) |
| 72.5 | 1903 | [10.1021/ja02003a001](https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02003a001) | Deprecated, see [`AW-Ge-standard-1925`](../id/AW-Ge-standard-1925.md) | [`AW-Ge-standard-1903`](../id/AW-Ge-standard-1903.md) |
| 72 | 1902 | [10.1007/BF01370337](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01370337) | Deprecated, see [`AW-Ge-standard-1903`](../id/AW-Ge-standard-1903.md) | [`AW-Ge-standard-1902`](../id/AW-Ge-standard-1902.md) |


## Isotopes

| A | Representative isotopic composition | Year | Source | Declaration | ChEBI | Wikidata |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [70](../id/Ge-70.md) | 0.2052(19) | — | — | [`Abundance-Ge70`](../id/Abundance-Ge70.md) | — | [Q2674362](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2674362) |
| [72](../id/Ge-72.md) | 0.2745(15) | — | — | [`Abundance-Ge72`](../id/Abundance-Ge72.md) | — | [Q2035731](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2035731) |
| [73](../id/Ge-73.md) | 0.0776(8) | — | — | [`Abundance-Ge73`](../id/Abundance-Ge73.md) | — | [Q2437511](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2437511) |
| [74](../id/Ge-74.md) | 0.3652(12) | — | — | [`Abundance-Ge74`](../id/Abundance-Ge74.md) | — | [Q2531608](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2531608) |
| [76](../id/Ge-76.md) | 0.0775(12) | — | — | [`Abundance-Ge76`](../id/Abundance-Ge76.md) | — | [Q2190009](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2190009) |

## Bibliography

<div class="csl-bib-body">
<div class="csl-entry">Aston, F. W., Baxter, G. P., Brauner, B., Debierne, A., Leduc, A., Richards, T. W., Soddy, F., &#38; Urbain, G. (1925). Second Report of the International Committee of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry on the chemical elements. International atomic weights, 1925. <i>Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions</i>, <i>127</i>, 913. https://doi.org/10.1039/ct9252700913 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/CT9252700913">CrossRef</a> <a href="https://qlever.scholia.wiki/doi/10.1039/CT9252700913">Scholia</a></div>
<div class="csl-entry">Atomic weights of the elements 1969. (1970). <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>, <i>21</i>(1), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac197021010091 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1351/pac197021010091">CrossRef</a> <a href="https://qlever.scholia.wiki/doi/10.1351/pac197021010091">Scholia</a></div>
<div class="csl-entry">Atomic weights of the elements 1985. (1986). <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>, <i>58</i>(12), 1677–1692. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac198658121677 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1351/pac198658121677">CrossRef</a> <a href="https://qlever.scholia.wiki/doi/10.1351/pac198658121677">Scholia</a></div>
<div class="csl-entry">Cameron, A. E., &#38; Wichers, Edward. (1962). <b>Report of the International Commission on Atomic Weights<sup>*</sup>(1961)</b>. <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>, <i>84</i>(22), 4175–4197. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00881a001 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00881a001">CrossRef</a> <a href="https://qlever.scholia.wiki/doi/10.1021/ja00881a001">Scholia</a></div>
<div class="csl-entry">Clarke, F. W. (1903). REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON ATOMIC WEIGHTS. <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>, <i>25</i>(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02003a001 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02003a001">CrossRef</a> <a href="https://qlever.scholia.wiki/doi/10.1021/ja02003a001">Scholia</a></div>
<div class="csl-entry">Coplen, T. B. (2001). Atomic weights of the elements 1999 (IUPAC Technical Report). <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>, <i>73</i>(4), 667–683. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200173040667 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200173040667">CrossRef</a> <a href="https://qlever.scholia.wiki/doi/10.1351/pac200173040667">Scholia</a></div>
<div class="csl-entry">Richards, Baxter, Hinrichsen, Köthner, P., &#38; Pellini, S. (1902). Zur Festsetzung der Atomgewichte. <i>Fresenius’ Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie</i>, <i>41</i>(2), 139–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01370337 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01370337">CrossRef</a> <a href="https://qlever.scholia.wiki/doi/10.1007/BF01370337">Scholia</a></div>
<div class="csl-entry">Wieser, M. E., &#38; Coplen, T. B. (2010). Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report). <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>, <i>83</i>(2), 359–396. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac-rep-10-09-14 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14">CrossRef</a> <a href="https://qlever.scholia.wiki/doi/10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14">Scholia</a></div>
<div class="csl-entry">Wieser, M. E., Holden, N., Coplen, T. B., Böhlke, J. K., Berglund, M., Brand, W. A., De Bièvre, P., Gröning, M., Loss, R. D., Meija, J., Hirata, T., Prohaska, T., Schoenberg, R., O’Connor, G., Walczyk, T., Yoneda, S., &#38; Zhu, X.-K. (2013). Atomic weights of the elements 2011 (IUPAC Technical                     Report). <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>, <i>85</i>(5), 1047–1078. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac-rep-13-03-02 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REP-13-03-02">CrossRef</a> <a href="https://qlever.scholia.wiki/doi/10.1351/PAC-REP-13-03-02">Scholia</a></div>
</div>

## Turtle

This resource as a file: [Germanium.ttl](Germanium.ttl)

```turtle
# Prototype: a suggestion, not an official CIAAW or IUPAC record. Official values are at https://ciaaw.org

@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#> .
@prefix chemrof: <https://w3id.org/chemrof/> .
@prefix ciaaw: <https://hendrikborgelt.github.io/Draft_for_IUPAC_CIAAW-Isotopic-Abundances-and-Atomic-Weights/ciaaw-draft#> .
@prefix ciaaw_draft: <https://hendrikborgelt.github.io/Draft_for_IUPAC_CIAAW-Isotopic-Abundances-and-Atomic-Weights/id/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix element: <https://hendrikborgelt.github.io/Draft_for_IUPAC_CIAAW-Isotopic-Abundances-and-Atomic-Weights/elements/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix unit: <http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1902 a ciaaw:StandardAtomicWeightDeclaration ;
    dcterms:isReplacedBy ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1903 ;
    dcterms:issued "1902"^^xsd:gYear ;
    dcterms:source <https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01370337> ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    adms:status <http://purl.org/adms/status/Deprecated> ;
    ciaaw:ofElement element:Germanium ;
    ciaaw:value [ a qudt:QuantityValue ;
            qudt:hasUnit unit:UNITLESS ;
            qudt:numericValue 72.0 ] .

ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard a ciaaw:StandardAtomicWeightDeclaration ;
    dcterms:issued "2011"^^xsd:gYear ;
    dcterms:replaces ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-2009 ;
    dcterms:source <https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REP-13-03-02> ;
    ciaaw:ofElement element:Germanium ;
    ciaaw:value [ a qudt:QuantityValue ;
            qudt:hasUnit unit:UNITLESS ;
            qudt:numericValue 72.630 ;
            qudt:standardUncertainty 0.008 ;
            ciaaw:significantFigures 5 ;
            ciaaw:significantFiguresUncertainty 1 ] .

ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1903 a ciaaw:StandardAtomicWeightDeclaration ;
    dcterms:isReplacedBy ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1925 ;
    dcterms:issued "1903"^^xsd:gYear ;
    dcterms:replaces ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1902 ;
    dcterms:source <https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02003a001> ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    adms:status <http://purl.org/adms/status/Deprecated> ;
    ciaaw:ofElement element:Germanium ;
    ciaaw:value [ a qudt:QuantityValue ;
            qudt:hasUnit unit:UNITLESS ;
            qudt:numericValue 72.5 ] .

ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1925 a ciaaw:StandardAtomicWeightDeclaration ;
    dcterms:isReplacedBy ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1961 ;
    dcterms:issued "1925"^^xsd:gYear ;
    dcterms:replaces ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1903 ;
    dcterms:source <https://doi.org/10.1039/CT9252700913> ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    adms:status <http://purl.org/adms/status/Deprecated> ;
    ciaaw:ofElement element:Germanium ;
    ciaaw:value [ a qudt:QuantityValue ;
            qudt:hasUnit unit:UNITLESS ;
            qudt:numericValue 72.60 ] .

ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1961 a ciaaw:StandardAtomicWeightDeclaration ;
    dcterms:isReplacedBy ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1969 ;
    dcterms:issued "1961"^^xsd:gYear ;
    dcterms:replaces ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1925 ;
    dcterms:source <https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00881a001> ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    adms:status <http://purl.org/adms/status/Deprecated> ;
    ciaaw:ofElement element:Germanium ;
    ciaaw:value [ a qudt:QuantityValue ;
            qudt:hasUnit unit:UNITLESS ;
            qudt:numericValue 72.59 ] .

ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1969 a ciaaw:StandardAtomicWeightDeclaration ;
    dcterms:isReplacedBy ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1985 ;
    dcterms:issued "1969"^^xsd:gYear ;
    dcterms:replaces ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1961 ;
    dcterms:source <https://doi.org/10.1351/pac197021010091> ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    adms:status <http://purl.org/adms/status/Deprecated> ;
    ciaaw:ofElement element:Germanium ;
    ciaaw:value [ a qudt:QuantityValue ;
            qudt:hasUnit unit:UNITLESS ;
            qudt:numericValue 72.59 ;
            qudt:standardUncertainty 0.03 ;
            ciaaw:significantFigures 4 ;
            ciaaw:significantFiguresUncertainty 1 ] .

ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1985 a ciaaw:StandardAtomicWeightDeclaration ;
    dcterms:isReplacedBy ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1999 ;
    dcterms:issued "1985"^^xsd:gYear ;
    dcterms:replaces ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1969 ;
    dcterms:source <https://doi.org/10.1351/pac198658121677> ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    adms:status <http://purl.org/adms/status/Deprecated> ;
    ciaaw:ofElement element:Germanium ;
    ciaaw:value [ a qudt:QuantityValue ;
            qudt:hasUnit unit:UNITLESS ;
            qudt:numericValue 72.61 ;
            qudt:standardUncertainty 0.02 ;
            ciaaw:significantFigures 4 ;
            ciaaw:significantFiguresUncertainty 1 ] .

ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1999 a ciaaw:StandardAtomicWeightDeclaration ;
    dcterms:isReplacedBy ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-2009 ;
    dcterms:issued "1999"^^xsd:gYear ;
    dcterms:replaces ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1985 ;
    dcterms:source <https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200173040667> ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    adms:status <http://purl.org/adms/status/Deprecated> ;
    ciaaw:ofElement element:Germanium ;
    ciaaw:value [ a qudt:QuantityValue ;
            qudt:hasUnit unit:UNITLESS ;
            qudt:numericValue 72.64 ;
            qudt:standardUncertainty 0.01 ;
            ciaaw:significantFigures 4 ;
            ciaaw:significantFiguresUncertainty 1 ] .

ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-2009 a ciaaw:StandardAtomicWeightDeclaration ;
    dcterms:isReplacedBy ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard ;
    dcterms:issued "2009"^^xsd:gYear ;
    dcterms:replaces ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1999 ;
    dcterms:source <https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14> ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    adms:status <http://purl.org/adms/status/Deprecated> ;
    ciaaw:ofElement element:Germanium ;
    ciaaw:value [ a qudt:QuantityValue ;
            qudt:hasUnit unit:UNITLESS ;
            qudt:numericValue 72.63 ;
            qudt:standardUncertainty 0.01 ;
            ciaaw:significantFigures 4 ;
            ciaaw:significantFiguresUncertainty 1 ] .

element:Germanium a chemrof:ChemicalElement ;
    rdfs:label "germanium"@en ;
    ciaaw:currentStandardAtomicWeight ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard ;
    ciaaw:hasDeclaration ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard,
        ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1902,
        ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1903,
        ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1925,
        ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1961,
        ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1969,
        ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1985,
        ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-1999,
        ciaaw_draft:AW-Ge-standard-2009 ;
    ciaaw:hasIsotope ciaaw_draft:Ge-70,
        ciaaw_draft:Ge-72,
        ciaaw_draft:Ge-73,
        ciaaw_draft:Ge-74,
        ciaaw_draft:Ge-76 ;
    ciaaw:standardAtomicWeightUncertainty 0.008 ;
    ciaaw:standardAtomicWeightValue 72.630 ;
    chemrof:atomic_number 32 ;
    chemrof:symbol "Ge" .
```

[All atomic weights](../atomic-weights.md) · [All isotopic abundances](../isotopic-abundances.md)